Mandatory Drug Testing of Welfare Recipients Essay Example for Free

Mandatory Drug Testing of Welfare Recipients Essay Thesis Statement Overall, mandatory drug testing initiatives have noble intentions such as: providing medical care to the abuser, preventing lifelong dependency, and saving taxpayer dollars, however, states should choose to not implement the intrusive testing because it is unconstitutional, costly, and ultimately detrimental to the child, not the parents. Through this presentation you will.. †¢ Learn about how widespread welfare usage is, and the history behind welfare reform. †¢ Understand why some legislators advocate for mandatory drug testing †¢ Look at the facts and realize that it is not only unconstitutional but also not an efficient means of spending allocated funds. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. Reasons Why Supporters Believe in Mandatory Drug Testing Overall good of youth dependents Zero tolerance policy Some buy drugs with welfare Tax payers have a right to know That their funds are spent well employed people must take drug tests Overall well being of invidual All reasoning lead to their overall stance, pro-testing. Reasons Why They Don’t Believe in Mandatory Drug Testing th amemmendment) Unconstiutional (4 Cost Prohibitative Embarassing and untimely Potential false positives or false negatives This is why CPS etc. exists Kid gets punished; not the adult All reasoning lead to their overall stance, against testing. Florida Welfare Drug Testing Graphic- DO THE MATH. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. Conclusion Mandatory drug testing for welfare recipients is unconstitutional, because no just-cause to search and seize. We must trust that although it isn’t constitutional or affordable to drug test all people, other agencies are other there to protect the children, if abuse or neglect is occurring Correlation does not imply causation. Work Cited Amundson, Kalynn, Anna M. Zajicek, and Valerie H. Hunt. Pathologies Of The Poor: What Do The War On Drugs And Welfare Reform Have In Common?. Journal Of Sociology Social Welfare 41.1 (2014): 5-28. Academic Search Premier. Web. 5 May 2014 Gupta, Vanita. Should Welfare Recipients Be Tested For Drugs?. U.S. News Digital Weekly 3.46 (2011): 14. Academic Search Complete. Web. 6 May 2014. Lyle, Lindsey. Floridas Legislation Mandating Suspicionless Drug Testing Of TANF Beneficiaries: The Constitutionality And Efficacy Of Implementing Drug Testing Requirements On The Welfare Population. Tennessee Journal Of Law Policy 8.(2012): 68-85. Academic Search Complete. Web. 6 May 2014. Work Cited Rhodes, Tim, Sarah Bernays, and Kathrin Houmoller. Parents Who Use Drugs: Accounting for Damage and Its Limitation. Social Science Medicine 71.8 (2010): 1489-497. Web. 6 May 2014. Vitter, David. Should Welfare Recipients Be Tested For Drugs?. U.S. News Digital Weekly 3.46 (2011): 14. Business Source Complete. Web. 6 May 2014. Vitter, David. Should Welfare Recipients Be Tested For Drugs?. U.S. News Digital Weekly 3.46 (2011): 14. Business Source Complete. Web. 6 May 2014. Wurman, Ilan. Drug Testing Welfare Recipients As A Constitutional Condition. Stanford Law Review 65.5 (2013): 1153-1193. Academic Search Complete. Web. 6 May 2014.

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State Building in Turkey vs. Afghanistan Introduction: In the twentieth century the governments of Turkey and Afghanistan made attempts to build states in their countries. However, each country’s geopolitical and socio-economic structure directly impacted the state building process. State building in Turkey was unique, inevitable and had a sustained development process while for Afghanistan it was crucial, chaotic and had bad repercussions that caused the Afghan state to collapse. Both Kemal Attaturk and Amanullah Khan pioneered the concept of state building in their countries but the existing forces, constraints and challenges resulted into different achievements for them. During the era of Kemal Ataturk, the period of state building was very successful because Turkey was close to the center of modernization and possessed strong institutions, topography and easier social interaction of state with people. In Afghanistan, due to mountainous terrain, and a landlocked topography, with the majority of people being illiterate, impleme nting the state building strategies were far more difficult. In addition, the institutions in Afghanistan were fragile and the state-building process was largely dependent on foreign subsidies as well as there was less interaction between the state and the people. Thesis : At the beginning of the twentieth century, both Turkey and Afghanistan launched a state-building effort. However, due to the inherent geo-political and socio-economic conditions in place in both societies, the state building endeavors diverged into two different directions. Brief background about how the Turkish and Afghan states were established: Under the leadership of Ataturk, and following the War of Independence in September 19... ...d communitarian society. It was for the first time that rulers in Afghanistan had experimented with state building. Democracy, national assembly, building a professional army and political party were new practices for statesmen in Afghanistan. While the Turkish had centuries of state building experience, particularly during the rule of Ottomans, Afghans used to revolt, resist and take revenge from the state through intervention. Afghans have never adopted state building successfully in the past. Turkish state building compared to Afghanistan, therefore, was victorious. Turkey was able to rise on human resources, economy and society structure, modern culture and secular political institutions, while Afghanistan due to inherent socio-political and geo-political conditions embedded in its society was unable to implement similar state-building strategies successfully. â€Æ'

Multinational Enterprise Structures the Economy

A major player in the international political economy is the multinational corporation or multinational enterprise as these structures of economy are commonly referred to. These are business or firms that hold offices and/or major production facilities in two or more different countries. The multinational corporation therefore is any business whether private or public that extends its production facilities or embarks in huge investments in capital across national boundaries. Since the end of World War II, the dominate western countries of Europe and the United States have long been the main headquarters of these multinational corporations, while the lesser developed nations of the world have been the sites for these corporations subsidiary markets and production facilities. On the subject matter of these multinational corporations, there exist two preeminent sources for the political science student in international political economics. The first is Richard Caves, whose article â€Å"The Multinational Enterprise as an Economic Organization† explains the creation and existence of the multinational corporations as a facility to more easily transport capital across international borders. The other source Osvaldo Sunkel, in his article â€Å"Big Business and Dependencia: A Latin American View† believes the multinational corporations have been a major political, economic and social boundary to pure economic growth in Latin America and has put a strangle hold on their own attempts to enter the global market. Richard Caves† viewpoint is that multinational corporations act as a facilitator to the movement and trade of the hard to price assets of a multinational firm. Specifically in terms of business and trade, there are manufactured goods, which are easy to move across international boundaries essentially. Yet, within the market there are many circumstances where transactions are hard to impossible to complete due to the markets ability to establish a fair price on certain assets. The reason for this inability is not due to the nature of the economy mind you, it is that these assets are non-physical. Assets such as patents and copyrights, the new technologies that arise from them and managerial expertise are all assets that cross international boundaries. According to Caves, the multinational corporation is in existence to move these assets across international borders. The multinational corporation in this process takes on three different models according to Caves. The first is a multi-plant firm that produces the same goods in several geographically different locations. This is the static model of â€Å"horizontal multi-plant enterprise† as Caves refers to it. It is the most thoroughly basic kind of Multinational Corporation. The factories abroad are controlled under common management, and are run and operated in the most cost effective locations of production. In most cases of the horizontal multi-plant enterprise, the products or their effects are mobile between national markets. This horizontal enterprise will produce goods that may deprecate but will not have a short life span of productivity. The second model is the â€Å"vertically integrated multinational enterprise†; this is a corporation wherein the outputs of the corporation†s plants serve as inputs to another of the corporation†s plants. This is used in most cases to reduce the cost of production of certain goods. Semiconductors for example are made by the advanced technicians in highly industrialized countries, while the process of soldering the wires and boards of the conductors can be done in a lower-wage country. The third type of multinational firm is the â€Å"diversified company†, which is a company whose plants inputs and outputs are neither horizontally nor vertically related. The reason for the creation of this firm is the multinational corporations bid to increase the diversification of the corporation†s interests abroad. This is done to increase the viability of a company, whether it is to inflate stock prices or some other arbitrary goal of the corporation. This view is quite different than the view of Osvaldo Sunkel, in his article â€Å"Big Business and Dependencia: A Latin American View† Sunkel brings to light the idea of Dependencia: Which is the control of Latin American markets by United States and European multinational corporations. This control of Latin American industry for well over 200 years by the US and Europe has radically altered the socio-economic development of this region. And has added to the dispensation of their current markets since the 1930†³s, which has led to an economic stagnation for many Latin American countries. Sunkel brings to light several points that show how the multinational corporations, be them Horizontal or Vertical. How these corporations do not benefit the country that houses the subsidiary, moreover the corporations home country benefits many times over than the exploited country. Sunkel†s argument is very clear; the very infrastructure of the Latin American economy is based on a hierarchy, whereas the core nations of the world†s economy use their strong positions to exploit the weaker economies. Robert Gilpin refers to this as Structuralism; it is a major school of thought in international political economy. This theory of â€Å"Dependencia† causes many socio-political, and socio-economical problems in the Latin American countries. Sunkel states that when the more powerful United States placed increasingly manufacturing complexes in Latin America the local centers of production were either swallowed by the larger company or put out of business by the lower prices of giant conglomerate. This led to the eventual decrease in exporting that benefited the local market. Sunkel, makes this point very clear: that the trade between the core nations and Latin American never left exploitation not unlike the colonialism of 200 years ago. Whereas Europe used to subvert the local population and exploit the natural resources, the core nations now use the large corporations to do this instead. A bulk of Latin American trade has been replaced with this intra-firm/corporation transfer of products. It benefits the core nation even more, because not only does a bulk of the product or material go to the corporation†s home country, but also the majority of the profit follows the same line. This lack of real trade and a concentration of wealth in the core nations have made the Latin countries even more tied to the elite through huge loans and aid from the IMF and World Bank. Caves and Sunkel share very different mindsets, while Caves believes that the multinational corporation extends the scope of the world economy. Sunkel believes that it exploits the Latin American market, by reducing the capitol in the working class and middle class the corporations take capitol from the local economy that could be used to improve the social condition.

Getting Rid of Fobias through Emotion Regulation - 1547 Words

Our emotions, whether it is momentary or long term such as fear for birds, can be controlled through â€Å"Emotion Regulation† (ER). ER has been defined in all sorts of ways, one definition that this text draws attention to is Calkins (2007), stating ER as the behaviours, skills and strategies regardless of it being automatic or effortful, that modulates affective arousal that facilitates adaptive functioning. ER is a dynamic system categorized into two main maladaptive styles, one recognised as over regulation which relates to internalised behaviours from regulation through self-control (Martins, Soares, C.Martins, Tereno and Osorio, 2012) and under regulation that involves uncontrollable negative emotion outbursts during engagement of goal-directed behaviours (Roberton, Daffern, Bucks., 2012). What has been made evident through research, is that this dynamic process of self-regulation, begins early in infancy and continues on through the later years in life (Miller, McDonou gh, Rosenblum., 2002; Martins et al., 2012). The whole dynamic nature of emotions is derived from infancy and the interactions that are shared during those stages. The construction of ER within Martins et al, 2012 has been labelled in two processes, one being intrinsic and the other being extrinsic. This text studies the maladaptive styles of emotion regulating, in particular, the cause of over regulating in infants. Related to ER, this text also highlights the association between infant emotion